{"id":2828,"date":"2021-04-22T21:11:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T19:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/?p=2828"},"modified":"2021-05-21T14:54:23","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T12:54:23","slug":"munca-in-lagare-de-munca-obligatorie-in-perioada-1942-1944","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/munca-in-lagare-de-munca-obligatorie-in-perioada-1942-1944\/","title":{"rendered":"Munc\u0103 obligatorie. Documenta\u021bie de la Zvi Benedek \u015fi Riki Friedmann."},"content":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@” text_orientation=”center” header_scroll_down=”on” scroll_down_icon_size=”40px” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _dynamic_attributes=”title” _module_preset=”default” content_line_height=”2em”]

Fotografii: Zvi Benedek, Israel. <\/span><\/p>\n

Arhiva Getta Neumann, dona\u021bie de la Zvi Benedek (23.06.1925, Timi\u015foara – 29.06.2020, Israel)<\/span><\/p>\n

Comentariu:\u00a0 <\/span>Riki Friedmann, Israel <\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”10px||10px||true|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#000000″ link_font_size=”17px” link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″]

Home<\/a> > The history of Timi\u0219oara\u2019s Jews<\/a> > The years 1940-1944<\/a> > Timi\u0219oara\u2019s Jews in forced labour camps<\/a><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2829,2832″ posts_number=”3″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(10,77,163,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” pagination_font=”|600|||||||” pagination_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ hover_enabled=”0″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″ sticky_enabled=”0″]

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Zvi Benedek: fotografie \u015fi not\u0103 pe verso.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anti Katz, Israel, prezent \u00een fotografie, sus\u021bine c\u0103 fotografia a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 la munc\u0103 voluntar\u0103 in cimitirul evreiesc din Timi\u015foara. Amintirea lui este probabil exact\u0103, altfel nu se explic\u0103 cum tinerii puteau s\u0103 se fotografieze cu Steaua lui David pe care au format-o cu uneltele lor, \u00een timp ce erau la munc\u0103 obligatorie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Riki Friedmann:<\/span><\/p>\n

De la st\u00e2nga la dreapta: Jos, \u015fez\u00e2nd: Jaulus J., fra\u021bii Mi\u015fu \u015fi Andor Katz, Sepsz? \u015fi Gl\u00fcck.<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e2ndul 2. \u00cen genunchi: Donci Basch, Dezs\u00f6 Kreutzer, Markusz Morgenstern, Dolfi Schubert, Tibi Benedek (fratele lui Zvi Benedek). \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e2ndul 3. \u00cen picioare: Gyuri Schaffer, Riki Friedmann, Erik L\u00f6bl, Ivan Lorencz, Majsi Farkas, Miki Mellinger, Laci Goldschmidt, Biber?, Laci Harmath.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2833,2834″ posts_number=”3″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(10,77,163,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” pagination_font=”|600|||||||” pagination_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ hover_enabled=”0″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″ sticky_enabled=”0″]

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Riki Friedmann:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0218ez\u00e2nd: Benedek Zoli (Zvi), Mellinger Miki, Katz Andor, Schaffer Gyuri.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen genunchi: Benedek Tibi, Lorenz Ivan, Friedmann Riki, Mihailovici Hary.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen picioare: Biber?, Katz Misu, Goldschmidt Laci, Jaulusz J., Schuberth Dolfi, Lobl Erik, Basch Donci, Kreutzer Dezs\u00f6, Harmath Laci, Morgenstern Markusz, Farkas Majsi, Sepsz.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2835,2836″ posts_number=”3″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(10,77,163,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” pagination_font=”|600|||||||” pagination_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2837,2838″ posts_number=”3″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(10,77,163,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” pagination_font=”|600|||||||” pagination_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″]

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Riki Friedmann: Kaufmann Jancu, Goldmann Gyuri, Friedmann Riki, Klein Erwin.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2839,2840″ posts_number=”3″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(10,77,163,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” pagination_font=”|600|||||||” pagination_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″]

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Riki Friedmann:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen fa\u021b\u0103: Schaffer Gyuri, Teszler Milu, Albahari M, comandantul (a fost un om foarte bun), Genuth Fishi, Gajdusek Joska, Mager Gyuri, Schlesinger?, Benedek Zvi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen r\u00e2ndul din spate: primul? al doilea?, L\u00f6bl Erik, Morgenstern Markusz, Reiter Dodi, \u00d6sztreicher Laci, Katz Andor.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2841,2842″ posts_number=”3″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(10,77,163,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” pagination_font=”|600|||||||” pagination_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″]

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Riki Friedmann:<\/span><\/p>\n

Primul r\u00e2nd: Braun, Klein (farmacist, el a fost sanitarul nostru), Hajdu (comandantul), Zobbel, Kohn, Lax.<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e2ndul 2: Benedek Zvi \u015fi Friedmann Riki (am\u00e2ndoi cu \u015fapc\u0103), Sperger Laci cu p\u0103l\u0103rie, Katz A., Erd\u00f6s Feri, cu ciocanul mare \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen spate: Brauch Mellinger, Weinberger Feri, Iritz J\u00f3ska, Goldmann Gyuri<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″]

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Riki Friedmann:<\/span><\/p>\n

Primul r\u00e2nd: Braun, Klein (farmacist, el a fost sanitarul nostru), Hajdu (comandantul), Zobbel, Kohn, Lax.<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e2ndul 2: Benedek Zvi \u015fi Friedmann Riki (am\u00e2ndoi cu \u015fapc\u0103), Sperger Laci cu p\u0103l\u0103rie, Katz A., Erd\u00f6s Feri, cu ciocanul mare \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen spate: Brauch Mellinger, Weinberger Feri, Iritz J\u00f3ska, Goldmann Gyuri<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2843,2844″ posts_number=”3″ hover_overlay_color=”rgba(10,77,163,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” pagination_font=”|600|||||||” pagination_text_color=”#FFFFFF” hover_enabled=”0″ title_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” title_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″]

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Riki Friedmann:<\/span><\/p>\n

Benedek Zvi ridic\u0103 cu ranga un bolovan. Foto: Riki Friedmann<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”Tineri evrei din Timi\u015foara \u00een deta\u015famente de munc\u0103 obligatorie \u00een anii 1943-1944″ text_orientation=”center” header_scroll_down=”on” scroll_down_icon_size=”40px” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” content_line_height=”2em” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]

De Riki Friedmann, 2016, Israel<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#0A4DA3″ hover_enabled=”0″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#000000″ sticky_enabled=”0″]

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Riki Friedmann a fost \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Zvi Benedek la munc\u0103 obligatorie. S-au re\u00eent\u00e2lnit \u015fi au continuat s\u0103 fie buni prieteni \u00een Israel.<\/span><\/p>
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<\/span><\/p>\n

Cele \u015fapte fotografii au fost f\u0103cute de Zvi \u00een anii 1943-1944, \u00een diferite lag\u0103re de munc\u0103 obligatorie pentru evrei. Am s\u0103 \u00eencerc s\u0103 scriu c\u00e2te ceva despre fiecare \u00een parte, \u00eemi amintesc, privindu-le, parc\u0103 ar fi fost ieri. Majoritatea persoanelor care apar \u00een fotografii nu mai sunt \u00een via\u021b\u0103. Sper \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103, scriind numele lor, poate urma\u015fii, copiii, nepo\u021bii sau prieteni mai tineri, vor recunoa\u015fte pe unii.<\/span><\/p>
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\u00cen pepiniera ora\u015fului am lucrat \u00een anul 1943, am f\u0103cut gr\u0103din\u0103rie, cu sapa \u015fi lopata, dar numai c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Apoi am fost repartiza\u021bi la locuri de munc\u0103 \u00een ora\u015f \u015fi \u00eemprejurimi. Dup\u0103 un scurt timp am fost trimi\u015fi, un grup de tineri, evrei de v\u00e2rsta mea – eu nu \u00eemplinisem 18 ani – la cariera de piatr\u0103 Lucare\u021b, la vreo 50 km de Timi\u015foara. Mergeam la Topolov\u0103\u021bul Mare cu trenul, apoi pe jos, pentru c\u0103 \u00een Lucare\u021b nu era gar\u0103. Nu am avut condi\u021bii proaste. Eram caza\u021bi \u00een 3 sau 4 case \u021b\u0103r\u0103ne\u015fti care au fost recvirate \u00een acest scop, unii, printre care Feri Erd\u00f6s, locuiau \u00eentr-o moar\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103sit\u0103 la marginea satului, unde, \u00eemi amintesc, erau bufni\u021be sub acoperi\u015f. <\/span><\/p>
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Deta\u015famentul era\u00a0 <\/span>alc\u0103tuit din cca 50-60 de evrei, \u00eentre 18 \u015fi 55 de ani. Diminea\u021ba ni se spunea ce aveam de f\u0103cut, dar uneori nu terminam. M\u00e2ncarea era bun\u0103, pentru c\u0103 aveam un buc\u0103tar, noi f\u0103ceam si treaba lui, iar el r\u0103m\u00e2nea \u00een sat ca s\u0103 g\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru noi. Ba aveam chiar \u015fi un brutar. \u00cen fiecare a doua zi primeam o jum\u0103tate de p\u00e2ine, brutarul era un anume Schwartzmann. <\/span><\/p>
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Noi, tinerii, \u00eenc\u0103 nec\u0103s\u0103tori\u021bi, am suportat mai u\u015for situa\u021bia \u00een care ne aflam, \u00een schimb cei mai v\u00e2rstnici erau \u00eengrijora\u021bi, \u015ftiindu-\u015fi familia, so\u021bia, copiii, f\u0103r\u0103 sprijin material \u015fi moral. \u00cens\u0103 \u00een anul 1944, situa\u021bia militar\u0103 pe toate fronturile ne-a dat speran\u021ba c\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea Germaniei hitleriste se apropie \u015fi atunci vom fi elibera\u021bi. Spre marele nostru noroc, asta s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een 23 August 1944. <\/span><\/p>
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\u00cen carier\u0103 am lucrat la piatr\u0103, diferite faze de lucru, la care am fost instrui\u021bi de muncitori califica\u021bi – \u021b\u0103ranii din sat. Apoi duceam pietrele cu tractorul cu remorca la gar\u0103 la Topolov\u0103\u021b, le \u00eenc\u0103rcam, le desc\u0103rcam. \u00cen fiecare deta\u015fament am avut \u015fi un commandant evreu care, de obicei, a fost c\u00e2ndva ofi\u021ber \u00een armat\u0103. El f\u0103cea leg\u0103tura \u00eentre deta\u015fament \u015fi comandantul rom\u00e2n. \u0218eful carierei a fost un inginer care nu prea s-a ocupat de noi, \u00eei convenea s\u0103 stea cu prietena lui la sat, \u00een timp ce Timi\u015foara era bombardat\u0103. El a predat comanda me\u015fterului carierei, un s\u00e2rb cu numele Gruici. Un om simplu, \u00eentors din America, dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial, unde a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat aceast\u0103 meserie. Era c\u00e2teodat\u0103 mai sever, alt\u0103dat\u0103 mai pu\u021bin, dar \u00een general, s-a purtat omene\u015fte. \u021a\u0103ranii din sat, care lucrau pentru plat\u0103, s-au purtat foarte frumos cu noi. \u0218tiu c\u0103 erau locuri, unde a fost foarte greu \u2013 la P\u00e2ncota (l\u00e2nga Arad), de exemplu, sau \u00een Ha\u021beg, apoi \u00een Moldova. Acolo se d\u0103dea o jum\u0103tate de ceap\u0103 \u015fi ceva m\u0103m\u0103lig\u0103. Mul\u021bi au fost trimi\u015fi la construc\u021bii de \u015fan\u021buri anti-tancuri, unul sau doi timi\u015foreni s-au \u015fi \u00eenecat \u00een Siret. Unul era v\u0103rul lui Gr\u00e4ber Ern\u00f6, nu-mi aduc aminte de numele lui. Tat\u0103l meu a fost la C\u00e2ineni (la 60 de km de R\u00e2mnicu V\u00e2lcea), lucra la calea ferat\u0103. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2829,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anii-1940-1944","category-detasamente-de-munca-obligatorie"],"yoast_head":"\nMunc\u0103 obligatorie. 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