{"id":373,"date":"2021-03-03T17:16:31","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T15:16:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/?p=373"},"modified":"2021-05-26T11:48:09","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T09:48:09","slug":"repere-istorice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/repere-istorice\/","title":{"rendered":"Repere Istorice"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@” text_orientation=”center” header_scroll_down=”on” scroll_down_icon_size=”35px” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ _dynamic_attributes=”title” _module_preset=”default” title_line_height=”1.8em”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”10px||10px||true|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”||||on||||” link_text_color=”#000000″ link_font_size=”17px” hover_enabled=”0″ link_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” link_text_color__hover=”#0A4DA3″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Home<\/a> > The history of Timi\u0219oara\u2019s Jews<\/a> > The second half of the 20th century<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”378″ _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default”][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

\n

\u00cenceputuri<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00cen perioada ocupa\u021biei otomane (1552-1716), evrei sefarzi (spanioli) se stabilesc la Timi\u0219oara. Sunt urma\u015fii evreilor expulza\u021bi de Inchizi\u021bia din Spania \u015fi Portugalia, care se stabiliser\u0103 \u00een Constantinopol sau Salonic. Prima m\u0103rturie a prezen\u021bei evreie\u015fti este morm\u00e2ntul din 1636 al lui Azriel Assael<\/i><\/b>, <\/i><\/b>originar <\/b>din Salonic. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen Imperiul Austriac <\/span><\/h3>\n

Administra\u021bia turceasc\u0103 ia sf\u00e2r\u015fit \u00een 1716<\/b>, c\u00e2nd Eugeniu de Savoya, comandantul trupelor habsburgice, cucere\u015fte ora\u015ful. Rascienii, grecii, evreii, armenii \u015fi \u021biganii au dreptul s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ora\u015ful care trece sub administra\u021bia austriac\u0103. Micii comunit\u0103\u021bi de evrei cu statutul de tolera\u021bi i se atribuie o suprafa\u021b\u0103 delimitat\u0103 \u00een ora\u015f, unde se constituie Judencarr\u00e9<\/i> (cvartalul evreilor). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=”2666″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false”][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

Judencarr\u00e9 (cvartalul evreilor) \u00een careul format de str\u0103zile Gheorghe Laz\u0103r, Emanoil Ungureanu,\u00a0 <\/span>Eugeniu de Savoya \u015fi M\u0103r\u0103\u015fe\u015fti<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

\n

Doar 49 de familii de evrei primesc permisiunea s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 \u00een incinta cet\u0103\u021bii, num\u0103rul magazinelor proprietate evreiasc\u0103 este de asemenea limitat, iar pentru \u00eencheierea unei c\u0103s\u0103torii e nevoie de o autoriza\u021bie special\u0103. Situa\u021bia se agraveaz\u0103 \u00een urma Judenordnung<\/i> din 1776, o legisla\u021bie discriminatorie impus\u0103 de Maria Theresia, cu scopul limit\u0103rii num\u0103rului evreilor din ora\u0219 \u015fi a impunerii unor taxe abuzive, apoi se amelioreaz\u0103 mul\u021bumit\u0103 Toleranzpatent (Edictul de toleran\u021b\u0103)<\/i>, emis de Joseph al II-lea \u00een 1782. Acesta din urm\u0103 aduce \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri \u00een condi\u021bia evreilor: unele impozite care \u00eei vizau numai pe evrei sunt anulate, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u00een limba german\u0103 devine obligatoriu \u015fi accesul la educa\u021bie este permis chiar \u0219i la nivel universitar. Totu\u015fi, situa\u021bia evreilor este una de paria, cum constat\u0103 istoricul Jen\u00f6 Szentkl\u00e1rai: <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Evreul a fost paria in Banatul Timi\u015foarei. Dar administra\u021bia avea nevoie de banii lui \u015fi de mintea lui istea\u021b\u0103.<\/span> <\/span>A \u015fi profitat din plin cu fiecare ocazie.\u201f (Mercy korm\u00e1nyzata a Temesi B\u00e1ns\u00e1gban<\/i>, 1909, p. 94) <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

\n

\u00cen Regatul maghiar<\/span> (1860 \u2013 1918)<\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1860 Banatul este anexat Ungariei, iar \u00een 1867 se instituie Monarhia Dual\u0103 prin Concordat (Ausgleich<\/i>), iar Timi\u0219oara este \u00eencorporat\u0103 \u00een Regatul Ungariei. <\/span>Prin legea introdus\u0103 de prim-ministrul contele Gyula Andr\u00e1ssy, evreii devin cet\u0103\u021beni egali \u00een drepturi. \u00cen perioada urm\u0103toare <\/span>evreii se av\u00e2nt\u0103 \u00een toate domeniile \u2013 economic, comercial \u015fi cultural \u2013\u00eentemeiaz\u0103 \u00eentreprinderi \u015fi exceleaz\u0103 \u00een profesiile liberale (sunt medici, avoca\u021bi, ziari\u015fti, arti\u015fti etc.). <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial, solda\u021bii evrei au luptat \u00een armata austro-ungar\u0103. S-au p\u0103strat \u00een arhivele unor familii albume cu fotografii, iar \u00een cimitir g\u0103sim inscrip\u021bii funerare care consemneaz\u0103 numele celor care au c\u0103zut \u00een lupte. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Vezi sec\u021biunea Solda\u021bi evrei \u00een Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/i><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

\n

Perioada interbelic\u0103<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00cen 1919, Banatul este alipit Rom\u00e2niei, care, sub presiunea interna\u021bional\u0103, acord\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benie tuturor evreilor pe teritoriul ei. \u00cen 1923, noua constitu\u021bie a Regatului Rom\u00e2niei le garanteaz\u0103 drepturi egale. P\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor anilor 1930 este o perioad\u0103 fast\u0103 pentru popula\u021bia evreiasc\u0103, care are o contribu\u021bie imens\u0103 la prosperitatea economic\u0103, social\u0103 \u015fi cultural\u0103 a ora\u015fului.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen perioada interbelic\u0103, <\/span>ponderea popula\u021biei evreie\u015fti \u00een economie, industrie, comer\u021b, cultur\u0103 \u015fi via\u021ba social\u0103 \u015fi politic\u0103 este deosebit de semnificativ\u0103. D<\/span>intre cele 30 de fabrici considerate mari, av\u00e2nd cel pu\u021bin 100 de angaja\u021bi, 50% sunt proprietate evreiasc\u0103, iar din totalul de 85 de fabrici mari \u015fi mijlocii, 74%; \u00een ce prive\u015fte unit\u0103\u021bile comerciale, peste 73% din angrosi\u015fti \u015fi 53% din detaili\u015fti sunt evrei; aproximativ 50% din medici \u015fi din avoca\u021bi sunt evrei. Este firesc s\u0103 g\u0103sim cifre asem\u0103n\u0103toare \u00een ce prive\u015fte cl\u0103dirile cu mai multe etaje: peste 40% sunt proprietate evreiasc\u0103. \u00cen 1919 see \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 primele licee israelite. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sunt vremuri bune, dar tulburate de manifest\u0103ri antisemite \u00een anii 1920 \u015fi, mai frecvent, \u00eencep\u00e2nd din 1930. M\u0103suri \u015fi legi cu caracter discriminatoriu antisemit se decreteaz\u0103 \u00eencep\u00e2nd din ianuarie 1934, culmin\u00e2nd cu legile \u201erasiale\u201f din 1940-1942. Agita\u0163ia antisemit\u0103 devine puternic\u0103 cu sprijinul asocia\u0163iilor germane. Ca reac\u021bie la mediul ostil, mul\u021bi evrei sunt activi \u00een mi\u0219c\u0103ri de st\u00e2nga \u0219i antifasciste sau\/\u0219i \u00een organiza\u021bii sioniste. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Anii 1940 \u2013 1944\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Vezi sec\u021biunea The years 1940-1944<\/i><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

\n

Perioada 1945-1989<\/span><\/h3>\n

Dictatura comunist\u0103 se instaureaz\u0103 treptat. \u00cen 1948 se desfiin\u021beaz\u0103 \u0219colile confesionale, inclusiv \u0219colile israelite. Exproprierea proprietarilor, antreprenorilor \u015fi comercian\u021bilor precum \u015fi m\u0103surile de restric\u021bionare a libert\u0103\u021bii de mi\u015fcare \u015fi exprimare au declan\u015fat un val de emigrare a evreilor din Rom\u00e2nia spre, \u00een principal, Statul Israel. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Politica guvernului totalitar \u00een ce prive\u015fte evreii a fost una complex\u0103. Antisemitismul era oficial comb\u0103tut, manifest\u0103rile antisemite fiind cenzurate sau pedepsite. Din anii \u201960 s-au organizat serb\u0103ri colective la Comunitate \u015fi cursuri de ebraic\u0103, iar serviciul social a fost asigurat cu ajutorul financiar Joint (American Joint Jewish Distribution Committee). Cu toate acestea, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anii \u201970, frecventarea sinagogii \u015fi a evenimentelor comunitare nu a fost privit\u0103 cu ochi buni \u015fi periclita avansarea \u00een carier\u0103. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Unele m\u0103suri represive \u00eei vizau \u00een special pe evrei. Dup\u0103 1944, organiza\u021biile sioniste devin legale, dar din 1949, sioni\u0219tii sunt prigoni\u021bi, aresta\u021bi \u015fi condamna\u021bi la \u00eenchisoare. Dup\u0103 Revolu\u021bia din Ungaria \u00een anul 1956, se preconizeaz\u0103, \u00een mod neoficial, o politic\u0103 de \u00eenl\u0103turare a evreilor din pozi\u021bii de conducere. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Continuitatea comunit\u0103\u021bii evreilor \u00een Timi\u015foara a fost fr\u00e2nt\u0103 prin politica guvernului comunist, nefast\u0103 majorit\u0103\u021bii \u00een general \u015fi ostil\u0103 evreilor \u00een special. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen rela\u021biile cu Statul Israel, guvernul rom\u00e2n a adoptat o politic\u0103 independent\u0103 de cel sovietic \u015fi a negociat condi\u021biile, practic, finan\u021barea emigr\u0103rii evreilor \u00een Israel. Perioade \u00een care plecarea era posibil\u0103 au alternat cu ani \u00een care ea a fost blocat\u0103. Cei care depuneau actele pentru emigrare erau da\u021bi afar\u0103 de la locul de munc\u0103 sau din facultate \u0219i a\u0219teptau uneori ani de zile \u00eenainte de a ob\u021bine pa\u0219aportul de emigrare. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen cadrul comunit\u0103\u021bii s-au organizat serb\u0103ri, cursuri de ebraic\u0103 \u015fi iudaistic\u0103, conferin\u021be, tabere de tineret. Corul a devenit o activitate foarte atractiv\u0103. Cantina ca\u015fer \u00een Casa Comunit\u0103\u021bii a oferit b\u0103tr\u00e2nilor \u015fi nevoia\u015filor, c\u00e2t \u015fi studen\u021bilor un pr\u00e2nz la un pre\u021b modest. Asocia\u021bia de prietenie Rom\u00e2nia Israel a reunit intelectuali timi\u015foreni pentru conferin\u021be de \u00eenalt nivel.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Rabinul dr. Ernest Neumann \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Mitropolitul Nicolae Corneanu, capul Bisericii Ortodoxe, cu Sebastian Kr\u00e4uter, episcop catolic, \u015fi cu al\u021bi \u015fefi de culte, au promovat ecumenismul. Rela\u021biile \u00eentre diferite confesiuni au fost cultivate cu grij\u0103 \u015fi succes. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 1989<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00cen 20 decembrie 1989, de la balconul Operei din actuala Pia\u021ba Victoriei, Timi\u0219oara a fost proclamat\u0103 primul ora\u0219 liber din Rom\u00e2nia. \u00cen 12 ianuarie 1990, zi de doliu na\u021bional \u00een amintirea victimelor revolu\u021biei, s-a \u021binut o slujb\u0103 ecumenic\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba Catedralei, unde au vorbit reprezentan\u021bii diferitelor culte. Rabinul a fost prezent \u015fi cuvintele lui au mi\u015fcat ad\u00e2nc miile de oameni din pia\u021b\u0103. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 schimbarea de regim din 1989, via\u021ba comunitar\u0103 evreiasc\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een toat\u0103 libertatea \u015fi este extrem de dinamic\u0103, cu toate c\u0103 num\u0103rul evreilor scade. \u00cen prezent, cei 600 de membri ai comunit\u0103\u021bii evreilor constituie o parte infim\u0103 din num\u0103rul total al locuitorilor ora\u015fului, dar continu\u0103 s\u0103 reprezinte un element valoros \u00een peisajul cultural al ora\u015fului. Comunitatea sus\u021bine o bogat\u0103 activitate religioas\u0103 \u015fi comunitar\u0103 \u015fi face demersurile necesare pentru conservarea patrimoniului arhitectural. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

\n

Evolu\u021bia demografic\u0103 <\/span><\/h3>\n

Popula\u021bia evreiasc\u0103 nu a dep\u0103\u0219it niciodat\u0103 13% din popula\u021bia total\u0103 a ora\u0219ului \u015fi era \u00een mod constant pe locul trei sau patru, dup\u0103 rom\u00e2ni, germani \u015fi maghiari, care, \u00een schimb, au avut \u00een cursul anilor o pondere numeric\u0103 variabil\u0103 \u00een ora\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

Tablou al evolu\u021biei demografice a popula\u021biei dup\u0103 aparten\u021ba confesional\u0103 \u00een anii 1870-1910<\/span><\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Recensamant.jpg” title_text=”Recensamant” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

Surs\u0103: Josef Geml, Vechea Timi\u015foar\u0103, Editura cosmopolitart<\/b>, Timi\u015foara, 2016<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

Popula\u021bia evreiasc\u0103 \u00eentre 1716 \u015fi 2011 \u015fi ponderea ei procentual\u0103 \u00een num\u0103rul total al popula\u021biei \u00een Timi\u015foara:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Anul<\/td>\nNr. Evrei<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1716<\/td>\n144<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1781\/1782<\/td>\n318<\/td>\n5,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1851<\/td>\n1551<\/td>\n7,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1900<\/td>\n5788<\/td>\n11,66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1930<\/td>\n9.368<\/span><\/td>\n10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1935<\/span><\/td>\n12.540<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1956<\/span><\/td>\n6.700<\/span><\/td>\n4,7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1966<\/span><\/td>\n2.590<\/span><\/td>\n1,5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1992<\/span><\/td>\n549<\/span><\/td>\n0,16<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002<\/span><\/td>\n367<\/span><\/td>\n0,1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011<\/span><\/td>\n176<\/span><\/td>\n0,05<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px”]<\/p>\n

Sources<\/span> https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timi%C8%99oara<\/span><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u015fi altele<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen 2018, comunitatea num\u0103ra 601 membri (423 de evrei \u015fi persoane cu ascenden\u021b\u0103 evreiasc\u0103, 150 de parteneri neevrei \u015fi 28 de persoane \u00een curs de convertire). <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen perioada ocupa\u021biei otomane (1552-1716), evrei sefarzi sau spanioli se stabilesc la Timi\u0219oara. Sunt urma\u015fii evreilor expulza\u021bi de Inchizi\u021bia din Spania \u015fi Portugalia, care se stabiliser\u0103 \u00een Constantinopol sau Salonic, Prima m\u0103rturie a prezen\u021bei evreie\u015fti este morm\u00e2ntul din 1636 al lui Azriel Assael, originar din Salonic.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":378,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-repere-istorice"],"yoast_head":"\nRepere Istorice - museum.jewishtimisoara<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/repere-istorice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Repere Istorice - museum.jewishtimisoara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen perioada ocupa\u021biei otomane (1552-1716), evrei sefarzi sau spanioli se stabilesc la Timi\u0219oara. Sunt urma\u015fii evreilor expulza\u021bi de Inchizi\u021bia din Spania \u015fi Portugalia, care se stabiliser\u0103 \u00een Constantinopol sau Salonic, Prima m\u0103rturie a prezen\u021bei evreie\u015fti este morm\u00e2ntul din 1636 al lui Azriel Assael, originar din Salonic.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/repere-istorice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"museum.jewishtimisoara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-03T15:16:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-26T09:48:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Istoria720.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"731\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"alex\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"alex\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/\",\"name\":\"Repere Istorice - museum.jewishtimisoara\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-03T15:16:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-26T09:48:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/73179879efd39e10d8d7011d8518db73\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Prima pagin\u0103\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Repere Istorice\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/\",\"name\":\"museum.jewishtimisoara\",\"description\":\"Muzeul Virtual Al Evreilor Din Timi\u0219oara\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/73179879efd39e10d8d7011d8518db73\",\"name\":\"alex\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/dfc3b2ae58e41befbbc97701ad02e4e198aa888aaac76cd8475f7502b189b3ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/dfc3b2ae58e41befbbc97701ad02e4e198aa888aaac76cd8475f7502b189b3ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"alex\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/author\/alex\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Repere Istorice - museum.jewishtimisoara","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/repere-istorice\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Repere Istorice - museum.jewishtimisoara","og_description":"\u00cen perioada ocupa\u021biei otomane (1552-1716), evrei sefarzi sau spanioli se stabilesc la Timi\u0219oara. Sunt urma\u015fii evreilor expulza\u021bi de Inchizi\u021bia din Spania \u015fi Portugalia, care se stabiliser\u0103 \u00een Constantinopol sau Salonic, Prima m\u0103rturie a prezen\u021bei evreie\u015fti este morm\u00e2ntul din 1636 al lui Azriel Assael, originar din Salonic.","og_url":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/repere-istorice\/","og_site_name":"museum.jewishtimisoara","article_published_time":"2021-03-03T15:16:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-05-26T09:48:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":731,"url":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Istoria720.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"alex","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"alex","Estimated reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/","url":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/","name":"Repere Istorice - museum.jewishtimisoara","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-03-03T15:16:31+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-26T09:48:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/73179879efd39e10d8d7011d8518db73"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/repere-istorice\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Prima pagin\u0103","item":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Repere Istorice"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/","name":"museum.jewishtimisoara","description":"Muzeul Virtual Al Evreilor Din Timi\u0219oara","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/73179879efd39e10d8d7011d8518db73","name":"alex","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/dfc3b2ae58e41befbbc97701ad02e4e198aa888aaac76cd8475f7502b189b3ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/dfc3b2ae58e41befbbc97701ad02e4e198aa888aaac76cd8475f7502b189b3ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"alex"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro"],"url":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/author\/alex\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=373"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5762,"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions\/5762"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}