{"id":2030,"date":"2021-04-05T14:06:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-05T12:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/?post_type=project&p=2030"},"modified":"2021-05-18T17:29:50","modified_gmt":"2021-05-18T15:29:50","slug":"maria-neumann","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/museum.jewishtimisoara.ro\/en\/project\/maria-neumann\/","title":{"rendered":"Neumann Maria"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Mathematician, teacher<\/span><\/p>\n

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Home<\/a> > Personalities<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n

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She was a Romanian mathematician, of Jewish origin, who distinguished herself mainly through research in non-Euclidean geometries, including in the field of J\u00e1nos Bolyai's scientific heritage. She was an associate professor at the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Timi\u0219oara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maria Neumann s-a n\u0103scut \u00een anul 1905 \u00eentr-o familie de evrei maghiarofoni din ora\u0219ul Lugoj, \u00een Banat, pe atunci \u00een Regatul Ungariei, \u00een cadrul Imperiului Austro-Ungar, azi \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Her grandfather, the doctor Dr. Philipp Neumann (1836-1901) was one of the outstanding personalities in the city. In 1866 he founded the epidemiological hospital, from 1867 he was the primary doctor of the county, and in 1876 he became the director of the hospital for venereal diseases. He was the president of the Hevra Kadisha Funeral Home, and also the president of the board of directors of the Israel Elementary School. He built one of the most beautiful houses in the center of Lugoj. At his death a day of mourning was declared in the city. Maria's uncle, Julius Neumann, was a professor of gynecology at the University of Vienna, and her brother, Joseph, a research biologist in Paris.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maria was the second of two children of the lawyer Dr. Eugen Neumann and of Ilka, born N\u00e9meth. She was a student at the Piarist Gymnasium in Timi\u0219oara, and in the last year at the Piarist High School. After the baccalaureate exam in 1923, she studied mathematics at King Ferdinand University in Cluj. At the end of her studies in 1930, as a Jew, she did not have the opportunity to remain in university education and taught as a mathematics teacher in high schools: one of the German high schools in Timi\u0219oara (1933-1934), a high school in Ramnicu Valcea (1934-1936 ), then at the Israelite High School in Timi\u0219oara (1936-1949) and in parallel at the Carmen Sylva State High School for Girls in Timi\u0219oara (1936-1940), from where she was fired following the \u201cracial laws\u201d of 1940. In her activity by teacher Maria Neumann had students who later distinguished themselves as mathematicians and scientists, such as Emeric Deutsch, Francisc Rad\u00f3, Bernhard Rothenstein, George Lusztig and others. <\/span><\/p>\n

During the communist regime, she taught for several years (1949-1952) at the Pedagogical Institute in Timi\u0219oara, and in 1962-1971 she became an associate professor at the university in the city. In 1968 she had at the University of Bucharest the doctoral exam in sciences, with the thesis \u201eOn an algebraic model of plane hyperbolic geometry\u201f under the guidance of prof. Nicolae N. Mih\u0103ileanu. Neumann collaborated with Mih\u0103ileanu in writing textbooks on the basics of geometry. In 1971 she retired. She published, among others, works in the fields of non-Euclidean and projective geometry, on the algebraic, logical and axiomatic instrument.<\/p>\n

Writer and scientist Gy\u00f6rgy Mandics characterized Maria Neumann's personality and work as follows: \"The activity of the talented mathematician Maria Neumann is based on a highly developed abstract thinking, on a mathematical culture far superior to the environment in which she lived. ... what she achieved it certainly remains a solid work, with many elements that could serve as benchmarks for further development.\"<\/p>\n

She died in 2003 at the age of 98 and is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Timisoara. Among the young mathematicians she mentored in the last years of her life was the computer scientist Octavian Mocanu, who works in Catalonia.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Publications (selection)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n